Planning is akin to the skeleton of an essay and plays a crucial role in shaping the final piece. Before embarking on the actual writing, it is imperative to create a well-structured essay plan that serves as a map, guiding the writer in the right direction. The following steps are vital in effectively planning an essay:

1. **Carefully Read the Essay Topic:** Understanding the essay topic is paramount, as many students often misunderstand the question and end up answering the wrong one. By taking time to grasp the question correctly, one can ensure a focused and relevant response. For instance:

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   Overpopulation of urban areas has led to numerous problems. Identify one or two serious ones and suggest ways that governments and individuals can tackle these problems? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own experience or knowledge. Write at least 250 words.

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   It is crucial to recognize that the focus should be on discussing problems and solutions, rather than delving into causes and effects of overpopulation.

2. **Develop Focus Questions:** Create two focus questions based on the identified task in the topic. These questions will act as paragraph guides, keeping the essay on track. For example:

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   Focus Question 1: What problems do we face due to overpopulation?

   Focus Question 2: How can we tackle these problems?

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3. **Form Body Paragraphs:** The standard essay structure consists of an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. While planning, it’s essential to determine the number of body paragraphs. Typically, there should be at least two but not more than three. For the given topic, one paragraph should cover the problems and two paragraphs should address the solutions. Remember, each paragraph must revolve around a single controlling idea.

4. **Answer the Focus Questions:** With the body paragraphs decided, think about 2 to 3 supporting points under each focus question:

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   **Focus Question 1: What problems do we face due to overpopulation?**

   **Point 1: Overcrowding**

   – Sub-Point: Demands exceeding supply

   – Sub-Point: Depletion of natural resources

   – Example: Reckless cutting down of forests to facilitate housing needs

   **Point 2: Poor Facilities and High Cost of Living**

   – Sub-Point: Inadequate infrastructure

   – Sub-Point: Lack of health and hygiene facilities

   **Focus Question 2: How can we tackle these problems?**

   **Point 1: Government must take steps**

   – Sub-Point: Introduce policies to control overpopulation

   – Sub-Point: Spread awareness about family planning

   – Example: Implementing effective birth control measures

   **Point 2: Individuals must take responsibility**

   – Sub-Point: Educate themselves about birth control methods

   – Sub-Point: Cooperate with the government to control overpopulation

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5. **Model P-E-E (Point-Explain-Example):** Extend your main points with supporting sub-points and examples. This model helps elaborate ideas effectively.

By following these planning steps, your essay will be well-organized, cohesive, and effectively address the essay topic.